Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines eight stages of personality development that occur throughout an individual's lifespan. Each stage presents a conflict or crisis that needs resolution for healthy development.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-2 years): Infants develop trust if their needs are consistently met by caregivers.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (2-4 years): Toddlers assert independence, leading to confidence if encouraged, or shame if overly criticized.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (4-5 years): Children assert control and power, leading to initiative if nurtured, or guilt if discouraged.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years): Children develop a sense of competence through achievements if supported, or inferiority if neglected.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years): Adolescents focus on self-identity, making important life choices influenced by family, peers, and personal factors.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40 years): Young adults seek fulfilling relationships and experience a quarter-life crisis if unresolved challenges from earlier stages persist.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65 years): Middle-aged adults seek new purpose or direction in life, leading to growth or stagnation.
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (65+ years): Older adults reflect on life achievements, leading to a sense of completeness or despair.
These stages can be faced at different points in life, and successfully navigating them doesn't guarantee they won't reappear. Understanding these stages can help individuals better navigate their life journey.
Source article: https://dariusforoux.com/stages-of-life/
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